As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
This relationship is particularly good when you look at the Shenzhen
Total, and supporting proof an excellent dyadic exchange, particularly in Shenzhen, we together with pick supporting research to have market exchange, because migrants will get married a community partner (i.elizabeth., to create hukou intermarriage) as his or her degree increases. The results suggest increased likelihood of hukou area-knowledge replace having low-college-knowledgeable migrants from inside the Shenzhen compared to Shanghai, but a similar probability of hukou area-studies change throughout these several towns to possess college or university-educated migrants, which aids Theory step three that straight down probability of hukou area-education change within the Shanghai, than the Shenzhen, holds to have low-college-knowledgeable migrants not to possess school-educated migrants.
Considering Design 5 regarding Table dos and you will Figure dos , local spouses’ studies isn’t with the its diary-odds of hukou area intermarriage, and therefore relationships does not disagree between them metropolitan areas
At this point, you will find felt only intermarriage ranging from neighbors and migrants, as opposed to identifying ranging from a couple of hukou systems. In our test, locals is actually predominantly urban hukou owners while migrants generally keep outlying hukou in both metropolises. Particularly, when you look at the Shanghai, in the 85% of locals however, just about 20% away from migrants provides urban hukou. When you look at the Shenzhen, all of the natives keep metropolitan hukou, however, only about thirty-five% of migrants is actually urban hukou proprietors. The logical differences of hukou particular ranging from natives and you will migrants implies a probability of hukou sorts of change within this inter-hukou-area ine if hukou particular affects all of our show.
Earliest, we consider the brand new delivery out-of hukou variety of certainly one of intermarriages away from hukou area. Due to the fact shown within the Figure A1, over half of the latest couples in which a few partners differ into the hukou area setting homogamy regarding hukou sort of. That is in keeping with past results that most Chinese age hukou form of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). Good gender asymmetric development off hukou interong couples related to a great migrant spouse and you can a neighbor hood wife, merely 11% is actually rural-husband-urban-wife couples while 86% is actually urban-husband-urban-spouse people. On the other hand, certainly one of lovers where spouse try an excellent Shanghai local citizen together with spouse was a good migrant, 45% are urban-husband-rural-wife couples. In other words, when female having Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they have a tendency to marry urban migrants, whereas guys which have Shanghai ukrainian charm dating verkkosivuilla hukou exactly who marry migrant women tend to wed outlying migrants. Inside the Shenzhen, that it gender development is quicker pronounced: 26% away from migrant-husband-local-wife people provides a metropolitan spouse and you will a rural husband, while 12% regarding regional-husband-migrant-spouse couples include an urban spouse and you will a rural spouse. These findings advise that inside the Shanghai relationships industry, each other hukou locality and hukou type build intermarriage habits, however in Shenzhen hukou sort of seems less very important. It further aids all of our findings from the hukou burden being stronger from inside the Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>
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